Course Content
A. Short and Long Vowels
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A.01. Recognize and identify short and long vowel sounds in spoken words.
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A.02. Use common spelling patterns to categorize words with long and short vowel sounds.
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A.03. Accurately spell rhyming words to solve riddles and enhance phonetic awareness.
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A.04. Spell words containing the long “a” sound using patterns like silent e, ai, ay, ea, ey, and eigh.
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A.05. Spell words containing the long “e” sound using patterns like silent e, ee, ea, and ie.
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A.06. Spell words containing the long “i” sound using patterns like silent e, ie, y, igh, ind, and ild.
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A.07. Spell words containing the long “o” sound using patterns like silent e, oa, ow, old, ost, and olt.
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A.08. Spell words containing the long “u” sound using patterns like silent e, ue, oo, ew, and ui.
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A.09. Apply knowledge of vowel sounds and spelling patterns to decode unfamiliar words.
B. Blends
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B.01. Identify words that start or end with consonant blends.
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B.02. Complete words by adding the missing three-letter consonant blend.
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B.03. Differentiate between different three-letter consonant blends (e.g., str, spl, spr).
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B.04. Construct sentences using words with three-letter consonant blends correctly.
C. Compound Words
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C.01. Identify and define compound words.
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C.02. Break down compound words into their individual parts.
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C.03. Form new compound words by combining two smaller words.
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C.04. Use compound words in sentences to convey specific meanings.
D. Multisyllabic Words
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D.01. Segment multisyllabic words into individual syllables.
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D.02. Identify and differentiate between open and closed syllables within words.
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D.03. Spell words containing open and closed syllables accurately.
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D.04. Spell consonant-l-e words correctly.
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D.05. Apply syllable division rules to decode and pronounce unfamiliar multisyllabic words.
E. Diphthongs and R-Controlled Vowels
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E.01. Recognize and identify vowel diphthongs in spoken words.
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E.02. Spell words that contain vowel diphthong patterns (e.g., oi, oy, au, aw, ou, ow).
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E.03. Spell words with r-controlled vowel patterns (e.g., ar, er, ir, or, ur).
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E.04. Distinguish between different r-controlled vowel sounds.
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E.05. Pronounce words with diphthongs and r-controlled vowels clearly and accurately.
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E.06. Apply these spelling patterns in writing tasks.
F. Irregular Words
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F.01. Recognize and read common sight words (high-frequency words).
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F.02. Spell sight words correctly from memory.
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F.03. Use sight words in sentences accurately.
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F.04. Expand sight word vocabulary through regular practice and exposure.
G. Vocabulary Categories
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G.01. Identify the defining characteristics of a given category (e.g., fruits, animals, colors).
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G.02. Select the members that belong to a specific category from a list of words.
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G.03. Distinguish words that do not belong to a given category.
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G.04. Create new categories based on shared characteristics of words.
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G.05. Explain the reasoning behind the categorization of words.
H. Prefixes and Suffixes
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H.01. Identify and define base words, prefixes, and suffixes within a word.
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H.02. Determine the meaning of a word containing the prefixes pre-, re-, or mis-.
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H.03. Correctly use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis- to form new words.
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H.04. Determine the meaning of a word containing the suffixes -ful or -less.
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H.05. Determine the meaning of a word containing the suffixes -ly or -ness.
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H.06. Determine the meaning of a word containing the suffixes -able or -ment.
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H.07. Review and consolidate understanding of various suffixes and their effects on word meaning.
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H.08. Determine the meanings of words with multiple prefixes and suffixes.
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H.09. Construct sentences that use prefixed and suffixed words appropriately.
I. Synonyms and Antonyms
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I.01. Define synonyms as words with similar meanings.
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I.02. Choose the correct synonym for a given word from a set of options.
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I.03. Identify sentences that convey the same meaning using different words (synonyms).
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I.04. Locate synonyms within a given context (e.g., a sentence or paragraph).
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I.05. Define antonyms as words with opposite meanings.
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I.06. Choose the correct antonym for a given word.
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I.07. Identify sentences that use antonyms to create contrast.
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I.08. Locate antonyms within a given context.
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I.09. Use synonyms and antonyms to enhance writing and vocabulary.
J. Homophones
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J.01. Define homophones as words that sound alike but have different meanings and spellings.
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J.02. Identify homophones using visual aids (pictures).
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J.03. Distinguish between different homophones.
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J.04. Use the correct homophone in a sentence based on context.
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J.05. Explain the difference in meaning between various homophone pairs.
K. Multiple-Meaning Words
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K.01. Recognize that some words have more than one meaning.
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K.02. Identify the correct definition of a multiple-meaning word based on the context of a sentence.
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K.03. Select the sentence that accurately reflects a given definition of a multiple-meaning word.
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K.04. Discriminate between the various meanings of a word.
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K.05. Employ the correct multiple-meaning word according to the context.
L. Shades of Meaning
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L.01. Distinguish and describe the subtle differences in meaning between related words.
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L.02. Understand and identify words with positive and negative connotations.
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L.03. Apply vocabulary to describe the shades of meaning for descriptive words.
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L.04. Use words with different shades of meaning to enhance descriptive writing.
M. Reference Skills
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M.01. Arrange words alphabetically based on the first letter.
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M.02. Arrange words alphabetically based on the first two letters.
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M.03. Arrange words alphabetically based on the first three letters.
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M.04. Order words alphabetically using advanced strategies.
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M.05. Use guide words to locate information within a dictionary or reference book.
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M.06. Interpret and utilize information presented in dictionary entries (pronunciation, definition, part of speech).
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M.07. Select the appropriate dictionary definition for a word based on its context.
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M.08. Employ reference skills to find the definition and spelling of words.
N. Main Idea
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N.01. Identify key details within a text.
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N.02. Use key details to determine the main idea of a paragraph or passage.
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N.03. Summarize the main idea of a passage in a concise statement.
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N.04. Distinguish the main idea from supporting details.
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N.05. Infer the main idea when it is not explicitly stated.
O. Inference
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O.01. Use character actions and dialogue to understand characters’ motivations and feelings.
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O.02. Draw inferences from a text by combining textual evidence with prior knowledge.
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O.03. Make predictions about future events in a story based on textual clues.
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O.04. Recognize implied meanings within a text.
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O.05. Support inferences with evidence from the text.
P. Literary Devices
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P.01. Identify and define similes.
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P.02. Determine the meanings of similes used in a text.
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P.03. Explain the effect of using similes in writing.
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P.04. Identify and define metaphors.
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P.05. Determine the meanings of metaphors used in a text.
Q. Author’s Purpose
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Q.01. Identify the author’s purpose in different types of media (e.g., informational, persuasive, entertainment).
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Q.02. Identify the author’s purpose in written passages (e.g., to inform, to persuade, to entertain).
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Q.03. Explain how the author’s purpose influences the content and style of a text.
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Q.04. Distinguish between different author’s purposes.
R. Text Structure
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R.01. Determine the order of events in informational texts (chronological order).
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R.02. Compare and contrast information presented in informational texts.
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R.03. Match causes with their effects.
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R.04. Identify cause-and-effect relationships in informational texts.
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R.05. Match problems with their corresponding solutions.
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R.06. Identify different types of text structures (e.g., chronological, compare/contrast, cause/effect, problem/solution, description).
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R.07. Analyze how text structure contributes to the overall understanding of a passage.
S. Story Elements
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S.01. Identify and define the basic elements of a story (characters, setting, plot, conflict, resolution).
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S.02. Describe the characters, setting, plot, conflict, and resolution in a given story.
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S.03. Explain how the story elements contribute to the overall meaning of the story.
T. Sensory Details
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T.01. Define sensory details as descriptions that appeal to the five senses.
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T.02. Identify sensory details within a text.
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T.03. Sort sensory details based on the sense they appeal to (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch).
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T.04. Explain how sensory details enhance a reader’s understanding and engagement with a text.
U. Point of View
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U.01. Define point of view as the perspective from which a story is told.
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U.02. Distinguish between different points of view (first person, third person).
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U.03. Explain how point of view affects the reader’s understanding of a story.
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U.04. Identify the narrator’s point of view in a text.
V. Theme
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V.01. Define theme as the underlying message or lesson of a story.
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V.02. Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales.
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V.03. Support the identification of themes with evidence from the text.
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V.04. Compare and contrast themes across different stories.
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V.05. Discuss the universal themes and moral lessons in stories.
W. Visual Elements
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W.01. Analyze how visual elements (illustrations, photographs, etc.) contribute to the meaning of a text.
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W.02. Compare and contrast illustrations from different versions of the same story (e.g., mythological illustrations).
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W.03. Interpret the symbolism and meaning behind visual elements.
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W.04. Discuss how visual elements enhance the reader’s understanding of the text.
X. Reading Practice: Level 1
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X.01. Read and comprehend fantasy stories with illustrations.
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X.02. Read and comprehend historical fiction stories with illustrations.
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X.03. Read and comprehend science fiction stories with illustrations.
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X.04. Read and comprehend realistic fiction stories with illustrations.
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X.05. Identify the genre of a text and justify the selection.
Y. Reading Practice: Level 2
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Y.01. Read and comprehend realistic fiction stories from various sets.
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Y.02. Identify the main characters, setting, and plot in stories read.
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Y.03. Read and interpret poetry.
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Y.04. Analyze poetic devices used in poems.
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Y.05. Compare and contrast different styles of poetry.
Z. Informational Texts: Level 1
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Z.01. Read and comprehend informational texts about animals.
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Z.02. Read and comprehend informational texts about food.
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Z.03. Read and comprehend informational texts about art, music, and traditions.
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Z.04. Read and comprehend informational texts about sports and hobbies.
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Z.05. Summarize information from informational texts.
AA. Informational Texts: Level 2
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AA.01. Read and comprehend informational texts about famous people.
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AA.02. Read and comprehend informational texts about famous places.
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AA.03. Read and comprehend informational texts about business and technology.
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AA.04. Read and comprehend informational texts about science and nature.
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AA.05. Take notes while reading informational texts.
BB. Organizing Writing
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BB.01. Arrange sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.
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BB.02. Organize items from most general to most specific.
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BB.03. Organize information by topic.
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BB.04. Develop organizational strategies for planning written compositions.
CC. Topic Sentences
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CC.01. Identify the topic of a paragraph.
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CC.02. Choose appropriate topic sentences for narrative paragraphs.
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CC.03. Choose effective topic sentences for expository paragraphs.
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CC.04. Write clear and concise topic sentences to guide the reader.
DD. Writer’s Purpose
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DD.01. Identify the writer’s purpose in a given text (e.g., to inform, to persuade, to entertain).
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DD.02. Select the type of text that matches a specific writer’s purpose.
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DD.03. Explain how the writer’s purpose influences the content and style of the text.
EE. Linking Words (Transitions)
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EE.01. Identify time-order words (e.g., first, then, next, finally).
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EE.02. Use time-order words to create chronological order in writing.
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EE.03. Use coordinating conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so) to connect ideas.
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EE.04. Use subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if, when) to show relationships between clauses.
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EE.05. Choose the best transition word or phrase to connect ideas smoothly.
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EE.06. Utilize transition words to enhance the flow and coherence of writing.
FF. Opinion Writing
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FF.01. Distinguish between facts and opinions.
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FF.02. Identify an author’s statement of opinion in a text.
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FF.03. Choose relevant reasons to support an opinion.
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FF.04. Complete an opinion passage with a supporting example.
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FF.05. Complete an opinion passage with a logical reason.
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FF.06. Complete an opinion-reason-example table to structure opinion writing.
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FF.07. Write a short opinion paragraph supported by reasons and examples.
GG. Descriptive Details
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GG.05. Develop characters in writing using descriptive details.
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GG.01. Add descriptive details to sentences to make them more vivid.
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GG.02. Show character emotions and traits through descriptive writing.
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GG.03. Revise sentences by using stronger, more descriptive verbs.
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GG.04. Use sensory details to enhance descriptive writing.
HH. Sentences, Fragments, and Run-ons
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HH.01. Identify statements, questions, commands, and exclamations.
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HH.02. Identify the complete subject of a sentence.
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HH.03. Identify the complete predicate of a sentence.
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HH.04. Identify the simple subject or predicate of a sentence.
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HH.05. Distinguish between complete sentences and sentence fragments.
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HH.06. Distinguish between complete sentences and run-on sentences.
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HH.07. Identify complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences.
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HH.08. Determine if a sentence is simple or compound.
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HH.09. Reorder words to create a grammatically correct sentence.
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HH.10. Correct run-on sentences by separating or joining clauses correctly.
II. Nouns
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II.01. Identify nouns in a sentence.
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II.02. Distinguish between common and proper nouns.
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II.03. Form regular plural nouns using -s, -es, and -ies.
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II.04. Use regular plural nouns correctly in sentences.
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II.05. Determine if a noun is singular or plural.
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II.06. Form and use irregular plural nouns correctly.
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II.07. Identify plural, singular possessive, and plural possessive nouns.
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II.08. Form the singular or plural possessive of a noun.
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II.09. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns.
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II.10. Understand the difference between abstract and concrete nouns.
JJ. Pronouns
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JJ.01. Identify personal pronouns (e.g., I, me, he, she, it, we, they).
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JJ.02. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns correctly.
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JJ.03. Replace nouns with appropriate personal pronouns.
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JJ.04. Use ‘I’ and ‘me’ correctly in compound subjects and objects.
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JJ.05. Identify possessive pronouns (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs).
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JJ.06. Use possessive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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JJ.07. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves).
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JJ.08. Use reflexive pronouns correctly.
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JJ.09. Distinguish between personal and demonstrative pronouns.
KK. Verb Types
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KK.01. Use action verbs to describe actions.
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KK.02. Identify action verbs in sentences.
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KK.03. Identify main verbs and helping verbs in sentences.
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KK.04. Differentiate between action verbs and linking verbs.
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KK.05. Use linking verbs to connect the subject to descriptive information.
LL. Subject-Verb Agreement
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LL.01. Determine if a subject is singular or plural.
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LL.02. Use the correct verb form to agree with a singular or plural subject.
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LL.03. Ensure pronoun-verb agreement in sentences.
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LL.04. Correctly use the verb “to be” with different subjects.
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LL.05. Correctly use the verb “to have” with different subjects.
MM. Verb Tense
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MM.01. Identify sentences in the regular past tense.
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MM.02. Form and use the regular past tense of verbs.
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MM.03. Identify irregular past tense verbs.
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MM.04. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (various sets).
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MM.05. Use the correct form of “to be” (am, is, are, was, were).
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MM.06. Use the correct form of “to have” (has, have, had).
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MM.07. Determine if a sentence is in the past, present, or future tense.
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MM.08. Change a sentence from present tense to future tense.
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MM.09. Understand and apply the progressive verb tenses.
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MM.10. Maintain consistent verb tense throughout a piece of writing.
NN. Articles
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NN.01. Use the correct indefinite article: “a” or “an”.
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NN.02. Use the correct article: “a”, “an”, or “the”.
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NN.03. Identify articles in a sentence.
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NN.04. Understand and apply the difference between definite and indefinite articles.
OO. Adjectives and Adverbs
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OO.01. Identify adjectives that describe what kind or how many.
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OO.02. Identify adjectives that describe nouns.
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OO.03. Identify adverbs in sentences.
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OO.04. Identify adverbs that tell how, when, or where.
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OO.05. Distinguish between adjectives and adverbs in sentences.
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OO.06. Determine if a word is an adjective or an adverb based on its function.
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OO.07. Use adjectives to compare (comparative and superlative forms).
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OO.08. Spell adjectives that compare correctly.
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OO.09. Use adverbs to compare (comparative and superlative forms).
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OO.10. Apply the correct placement of adjectives and adverbs in a sentence.
PP. Prepositions
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PP.01. Identify prepositions in sentences.
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PP.02. Identify prepositions and their objects.
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PP.03. Identify prepositional phrases.
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PP.04. Review and consolidate knowledge of prepositions.
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PP.05. Use prepositional phrases to add detail and clarity to sentences.
QQ. Conjunctions
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QQ.01. Identify coordinating conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet).
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QQ.02. Identify subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if, when, since).
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QQ.03. Use conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and clauses.
RR. Contractions
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RR.01. Identify and understand pronoun-verb contractions (e.g., I’m, you’re, he’s, she’s, it’s, we’re, they’re).
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RR.02. Identify and understand contractions with “not” (e.g., can’t, don’t, isn’t, aren’t, won’t).
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RR.03. Form contractions correctly.
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RR.04. Distinguish between contractions and possessive pronouns (e.g., it’s vs. its, they’re vs. their vs. there).
SS. Commas
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SS.01. Use commas with direct addresses and after introductory words or phrases.
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SS.02. Use commas to separate items in a list.
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SS.03. Use commas before coordinating conjunctions in compound sentences.
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SS.04. Correctly place commas within a series.
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SS.05. Understand and apply commas to separate appositives.
TT. Capitalization
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TT.01. Capitalize the names of people, pets, and titles of respect.
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TT.02. Capitalize days of the week, months, and holidays.
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TT.03. Capitalize the names of places and geographic features.
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TT.04. Capitalize the first word of a sentence.
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TT.05. Capitalize proper nouns correctly.
UU. Formatting
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UU.01. Use correct greetings and closings in letters.
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UU.02. Capitalize titles (e.g., Mr., Ms., Dr.).
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UU.03. Format titles of books, movies, and other works correctly (e.g., using italics or quotation marks).
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UU.04. Capitalize and format titles appropriately.
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UU.05. Apply proper formatting to paragraphs, indents and spacing.
