Course Content
A. Syllables
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A.01. Identify and count the number of syllables in a given word.
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A.02. Categorize words based on their syllable count.
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A.03. Divide words into their individual syllables.
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A.04. Apply knowledge of syllables to decode unfamiliar words.
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A.05. Create compound words by combining syllables.
B. Rhyming
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B.01. Recognize rhyming words by sound and spelling patterns.
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B.02. Identify a word that rhymes with a given word.
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B.03. Distinguish non-rhyming words within a set of words.
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B.04. Complete a rhyme by selecting an appropriate rhyming word.
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B.05. Compose simple rhyming verses or poems.
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B.06. Solve riddles by spelling rhyming words.
C. Short Vowels
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C.01. Identify and pronounce short vowel sounds (a, e, i, o, u).
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C.02. Complete words by filling in the correct short vowel.
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C.03. Spell words containing short vowel sounds (short a).
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C.04. Spell words containing short vowel sounds (short e).
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C.05. Spell words containing short vowel sounds (short i).
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C.06. Spell words containing short vowel sounds (short o).
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C.07. Spell words containing short vowel sounds (short u).
D. Consonant Blends and Digraphs
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D.01. Recognize and pronounce common consonant blends (e.g., bl, cr, st).
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D.02. Recognize and pronounce common consonant digraphs (e.g., ch, sh, th).
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D.03. Complete words by adding the correct initial consonant blend.
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D.04. Complete words by adding the correct final consonant blend.
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D.05. Spell words containing consonant blends.
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D.06. Complete words by adding the correct digraph: ch, sh, th.
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D.07. Complete words by adding the correct digraph: ph, qu, wh.
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D.08. Spell words containing the digraphs ch, sh, th.
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D.09. Spell words containing the digraphs ph, qu, wh.
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D.10. Sort words by their initial consonant blend or digraph.
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D.11. Complete words with three-letter consonant blends (e.g., str, spl).
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D.12. Complete sentences using words with three-letter consonant blends.
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D.13. Identify and complete words with silent letters.
E. Long Vowel Patterns
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E.01. Recognize and pronounce long vowel sounds.
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E.02. Choose words with a specific long vowel sound.
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E.03. Spell the long a word using silent e, ai, ay.
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E.04. Spell the long e word using ee, ea.
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E.05. Spell the long i word using silent e, ie, y.
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E.06. Spell the long o word using silent e, oa, ow.
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E.07. Spell the long u word using silent e, ue, oo, ew.
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E.08. Differentiate and apply various long vowel spelling patterns.
F. Silent ‘e’
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F.01. Recognize the silent ‘e’ pattern and its effect on vowel sounds.
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F.02. Choose the word containing silent ‘e’ that matches a given picture.
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F.03. Complete words by adding the silent ‘e’.
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F.04. Spell words containing silent ‘e’.
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F.05. Understand how the silent ‘e’ changes the sound of a vowel.
G. Vowel Digraphs
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G.01. Recognize and pronounce common vowel digraphs (e.g., ea, ai, oa).
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G.02. Choose the picture that corresponds to a given vowel digraph word.
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G.03. Complete words using vowel digraphs.
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G.04. Complete words by adding the correct vowel digraph.
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G.05. Select the sentence containing a vowel digraph that matches a picture.
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G.06. Differentiate between the sounds of different vowel digraphs.
H. Short and Long Vowel Patterns
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H.01. Distinguish between short and long vowel sounds in words.
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H.02. Sort words based on whether they have a short or long vowel sound.
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H.03. Match short ‘a’ and long ‘a’ words to corresponding pictures.
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H.04. Match short ‘e’ and long ‘e’ words to corresponding pictures.
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H.05. Select the short ‘i’ or long ‘i’ word that corresponds to a given picture.
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H.06. Select the short ‘o’ or long ‘o’ word that corresponds to a given picture.
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H.07. Select the short ‘u’ or long ‘u’ word that corresponds to a given picture.
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H.08. Utilize spelling patterns to categorize words with long and short vowel sounds.
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H.09. Determine if a syllable is open or closed based on its structure.
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H.10. Spell words with open and closed syllables correctly.
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H.11. Complete sentences using correct words with -ild, -ind, -old, -olt, or -ost endings.
I. Diphthongs: oi, oy, ou, ow
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I.01. Recognize and pronounce diphthongs (oi, oy, ou, ow).
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I.02. Choose the word containing a diphthong that matches a given picture.
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I.03. Complete words by adding the correct diphthong (oi, oy, ou, ow).
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I.04. Select the sentence containing a diphthong that matches a picture.
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I.05. Differentiate between the sounds of different diphthongs.
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I.06. Generate examples of words containing specific diphthongs.
J. Variant Vowels
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J.01. Recognize and pronounce variant vowel sounds (e.g., /aw/, /oo/).
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J.02. Complete words with variant vowel sounds.
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J.03. Identify words with different vowel sounds within a group of words.
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J.04. Distinguish between various variant vowel sounds.
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J.05. Apply knowledge of variant vowels to decode unfamiliar words.
K. Soft ‘g’ and ‘c’
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K.01. Understand the concept of soft and hard ‘g’ and ‘c’ sounds.
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K.02. Sort words into categories based on whether they contain a soft or hard ‘g’ or ‘c’ sound.
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K.03. Select the word with a soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’ that corresponds to a given picture.
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K.04. Select the sentence with a soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’ that corresponds to a given picture.
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K.05. Spell words containing soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’.
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K.06. Explain the rules that determine when ‘g’ and ‘c’ have soft sounds.
L. Two-Syllable Words
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L.01. Combine two syllables to form words (easier combinations).
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L.02. Combine two syllables to form words (more challenging combinations).
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L.03. Complete two-syllable words by adding the missing syllable.
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L.04. Complete sentences by using appropriate two-syllable words.
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L.05. Identify the two syllables that make up a given word.
M. Consonant-l-e (C-l-e) Syllables
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M.01. Recognize and understand the structure of consonant-l-e syllables.
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M.02. Complete words by adding the consonant-l-e ending.
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M.03. Choose the correct spelling of words containing consonant-l-e syllables.
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M.04. Spell words containing consonant-l-e syllables.
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M.05. Divide words containing consonant-l-e syllables.
N. Sight Words
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N.01. Recognize and read common sight words.
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N.02. Choose the correct sight word based on auditory recognition.
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N.03. Complete sentences using appropriate sight words.
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N.04. Spell common sight words correctly.
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N.05. Use sight words in original sentences.
O. Sequence
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O.01. Identify the order of events in a story.
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O.02. Arrange events from a story in the correct chronological order.
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O.03. Summarize the key events in a story.
P. Inference and Analysis
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P.01. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters in a story.
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P.02. Draw inferences about characters’ feelings and motivations.
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P.03. Analyze the plot and structure of stories.
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P.04. Identify the main idea of a story.
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P.05. Make predictions about what might happen next in a story.
Q. Theme
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Q.01. Determine the central themes of myths, fables, and folktales.
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Q.02. Compare and contrast the themes of different stories.
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Q.03. Relate the themes of stories to real-world experiences.
R. Topic and Purpose
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R.01. Identify the main topic of a text.
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R.02. Determine the author’s purpose in writing a text (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain).
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R.03. Distinguish between different types of texts based on their purpose.
S. Cause and Effect
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S.01. Identify cause-and-effect relationships in sentences and stories.
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S.02. Match effects to their corresponding causes.
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S.03. Match causes to their corresponding effects.
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S.04. Explain how one event leads to another.
T. Compare and Contrast
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T.01. Identify similarities and differences between two or more things.
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T.02. Compare and contrast information presented in informational passages.
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T.03. Organize information using compare-and-contrast graphic organizers.
U. Informational Texts
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U.01. Read and understand informational passages on a variety of topics.
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U.02. Identify the main idea and supporting details in informational texts.
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U.03. Answer questions about information presented in a text.
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U.04. Summarize the key information from an informational passage.
V. Organising Writing
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V.01. Arrange sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.
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V.02. Identify the topic sentence and supporting sentences in a paragraph.
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V.03. Construct a well-organized paragraph with a clear beginning, middle, and end.
W. Topic Sentences
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W.01. Identify the main idea of a paragraph.
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W.02. Choose effective topic sentences for narrative paragraphs.
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W.03. Choose effective topic sentences for expository paragraphs.
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W.04. Write topic sentences for a variety of paragraph types.
X. Linking Words
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X.01. Use conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and clauses.
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X.02. Use subordinating conjunctions to show relationships between ideas.
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X.03. Identify time-order words in a text.
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X.04. Use time-order words to sequence events in writing.
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X.05. Combine simple sentences into compound sentences using conjunctions.
Y. Author’s Purpose
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Y.01. Recognize the author’s purpose in different types of writing.
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Y.02. Choose the text that best matches a specific writer’s purpose.
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Y.03. Explain why an author might choose to write about a particular topic.
Z. Opinion Writing
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Z.01. Distinguish between facts and opinions.
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Z.02. Complete fact and opinion sentences.
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Z.03. Complete an opinion passage with an example.
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Z.04. Complete an opinion passage with a reason.
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Z.05. Complete an opinion-reason-example table.
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Z.06. Write a short opinion piece with supporting reasons and examples.
AA. Descriptive Details
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AA.01. Identify sensory details (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) in a text.
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AA.02. Choose sensory details that match a given picture.
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AA.03. Add descriptive details to sentences to make them more vivid.
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AA.04. Revise sentences by using stronger verbs.
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AA.05. Use descriptive language to create a specific mood or tone.
BB. Prefixes and Suffixes
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BB.01. Recognize and understand common prefixes and suffixes.
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BB.02. Complete words by adding the ending that you hear.
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BB.03. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes in a word.
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BB.04. Determine the meaning of a word containing pre-, re-, or mis-.
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BB.05. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis- correctly in sentences.
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BB.06. Determine the meaning of a word containing -ful or -less.
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BB.07. Review and apply knowledge of prefixes and suffixes.
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BB.08. Apply knowledge of prefixes and suffixes to define unfamiliar words.
CC. Compound Words
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CC.01. Recognize compound words.
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CC.02. Form compound words by combining two or more words.
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CC.03. Form and use compound words correctly in sentences.
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CC.04. Explain the meaning of compound words.
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CC.05. Identify the two individual words that form a compound word.
DD. Categories
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DD.01. Understand the concept of categorizing objects and words.
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DD.02. Sort words into appropriate categories (e.g., animals, foods, colors).
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DD.03. Identify the word that does not belong in a given category.
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DD.04. Create categories based on shared characteristics.
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DD.05. Explain the reasoning behind placing a word in a specific category.
EE. Synonyms and Antonyms
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EE.01. Understand the concepts of synonyms and antonyms.
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EE.02. Choose the synonym for a given word.
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EE.03. Find synonyms in context within a sentence or passage.
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EE.04. Choose the antonym for a given word.
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EE.05. Identify sentences that correctly use antonyms.
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EE.06. Find antonyms in context within a sentence or passage.
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EE.07. Determine which sentence has the same meaning as a given sentence.
FF. Homophones
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FF.01. Understand the concept of homophones.
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FF.02. Identify homophones using pictures as clues.
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FF.03. Recognize and identify pairs of homophones.
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FF.04. Use the correct homophone in a sentence.
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FF.05. Explain the difference in meaning between different homophones.
GG. Multiple-Meaning Words
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GG.01. Understand that some words have multiple meanings.
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GG.02. Identify different meanings of multiple-meaning words using pictures.
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GG.03. Determine the correct meaning of a multiple-meaning word based on context.
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GG.04. Use multiple-meaning words correctly in sentences.
HH. Shades of Meaning
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HH.01. Understand that words can have related but slightly different meanings.
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HH.02. Find words with related meanings within a group of words.
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HH.03. Describe the difference between words with related meanings.
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HH.04. Order related words based on their intensity or degree of meaning.
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HH.05. Explain how shades of meaning can affect the tone and impact of writing.
II. Idioms
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II.01. Understand the meaning of common idioms.
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II.02. Choose the picture that best represents the meaning of an idiomatic expression.
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II.03. Explain the literal and figurative meanings of an idiom.
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II.04. Use idioms correctly in sentences.
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II.05. Identify the emotions conveyed in different idioms.
JJ. Context Clues
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JJ.01. Use context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
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JJ.02. Identify different types of context clues (e.g., definitions, examples, synonyms).
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JJ.03. Explain how context clues help readers understand new vocabulary.
KK. Reference Skills
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KK.01. Understand the purpose and use of reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias).
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KK.02. Order words alphabetically based on the first letter.
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KK.03. Order words alphabetically based on the first two letters.
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KK.04. Order words alphabetically based on the first three letters.
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KK.05. Use guide words to locate words in a dictionary.
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KK.06. Use dictionary entries to find definitions, pronunciations, and parts of speech.
LL. Sentences, Fragments and Run-ons
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LL.01. Identify different types of sentences (statement, question, command, exclamation).
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LL.02. Identify the subject of a sentence.
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LL.03. Identify the predicate of a sentence.
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LL.04. Distinguish between complete sentences and fragments.
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LL.05. Distinguish between complete sentences and run-on sentences.
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LL.06. Determine if a group of words is a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on.
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LL.07. Unscramble words to form a complete sentence.
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LL.08. Correct fragments by adding missing subjects or predicates.
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LL.09. Correct run-on sentences by separating them into multiple sentences or using conjunctions.
MM. Nouns
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MM.01. Understand the definition and function of nouns.
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MM.02. Select nouns from a list of words.
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MM.03. Identify nouns in sentences.
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MM.04. Sort nouns into common and proper nouns.
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MM.05. Identify common and proper nouns in sentences.
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MM.06. Form regular plurals by adding -s and -es.
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MM.07. Use regular plurals correctly in sentences.
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MM.08. Distinguish between singular and plural nouns.
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MM.09. Determine whether a noun is singular or plural.
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MM.10. Form and use irregular plurals correctly.
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MM.11. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives.
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MM.12. Form singular and plural possessives correctly.
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MM.13. Identify and correct errors in the use of plural and possessive nouns.
NN. Pronouns
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NN.06. Use compound subjects and objects correctly with ‘I’ and ‘me’.
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NN.07. Choose the correct personal pronoun to complete a sentence.
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NN.08. Identify possessive pronouns (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs).
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NN.09. Use possessive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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NN.10. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, himself, herself).
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NN.11. Use reflexive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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NN.01. Understand the definition and function of pronouns.
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NN.02. Identify personal pronouns (e.g., I, me, he, she, it, we, they).
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NN.03. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns (e.g., I vs. me, he vs. him).
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NN.04. Replace singular nouns with appropriate personal pronouns.
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NN.05. Replace plural nouns with appropriate personal pronouns.
OO. Verb Types
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OO.01. Understand the different types of verbs (action, linking, helping).
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OO.02. Use action verbs to describe actions.
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OO.03. Identify action verbs in sentences.
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OO.04. Identify helping verbs in sentences.
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OO.05. Use linking verbs to connect the subject to a noun or adjective that describes or identifies it.
PP. Subject-Verb Agreement
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PP.01. Understand the concept of subject-verb agreement.
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PP.02. Determine whether the subject is singular or plural.
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PP.03. Use the correct verb form to agree with the subject.
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PP.04. Use the correct subject or verb form to complete a sentence.
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PP.05. Ensure pronoun-verb agreement in sentences.
QQ. Verb Tense
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QQ.01. Understand the different verb tenses (past, present, future).
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QQ.02. Identify sentences written in the regular past tense.
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QQ.03. Form and use the regular past tense of verbs.
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QQ.04. Change a sentence from present tense to future tense.
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QQ.05. Identify irregular past tense verbs (set 1).
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QQ.06. Identify irregular past tense verbs (set 2).
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QQ.07. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (set 1).
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QQ.08. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (set 2).
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QQ.09. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (set 3).
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QQ.10. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (set 4).
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QQ.11. Match sentences with -ed and -ing endings to corresponding pictures.
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QQ.12. Use the correct present tense form of the verb “to be” (am, is, are).
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QQ.13. Use the correct past tense form of the verb “to be” (was, were).
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QQ.14. Use the correct form of the verb “to be” in sentences.
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QQ.15. Use the correct form of the verb “to have” in sentences.
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QQ.16. Place sentences with irregular verbs on a timeline to indicate when the action occurred.
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QQ.17. Determine if a sentence is in the past, present, or future tense.
RR. Articles
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RR.01. Understand the use of articles (a, an, the).
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RR.02. Use the correct indefinite article (a or an) based on the following word.
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RR.03. Identify articles in sentences.
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RR.04. Explain the difference between definite and indefinite articles.
SS. Adjectives and Adverbs
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SS.01. Understand the function of adjectives and adverbs.
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SS.02. Use adjectives to describe nouns using sensory details.
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SS.03. Determine whether an adjective tells what kind or how many.
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SS.04. Identify the adjective that describes a given noun.
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SS.05. Identify adjectives in sentences.
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SS.06. Identify comparative and superlative adjectives (e.g., bigger, biggest).
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SS.07. Determine whether an adverb tells how, when, or where.
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SS.08. Identify adverbs in sentences.
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SS.09. Choose between using an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.
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SS.10. Determine if a word is functioning as an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.
TT. Prepositions
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TT.01. Understand the function of prepositions.
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TT.02. Select the best preposition to match a picture.
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TT.03. Select the best preposition to complete a sentence.
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TT.04. Identify prepositions in sentences.
UU. Contractions
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UU.01. Understand how contractions are formed.
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UU.02. Form contractions by combining a pronoun and a verb.
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UU.03. Form contractions by combining a verb and “not”.
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UU.04. Use pronoun-verb contractions correctly in sentences.
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UU.05. Use contractions with “not” correctly in sentences.
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UU.06. Use contractions appropriately in a sentence.
VV. Capitalisation
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VV.01. Understand the rules for capitalisation.
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VV.02. Capitalise the names of people and pets.
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VV.03. Capitalise days of the week, months of the year, and holidays.
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VV.04. Capitalise the names of places and geographic features.
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VV.05. Capitalise titles (e.g., Mr., Ms., Dr.).
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VV.06. Capitalise greetings and closings of letters.
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VV.07. Capitalize the first word of a sentence.
